Lori,
Follow the belt diagram on the cutting deck. Once you remove the plastic covers of the two main pulleys (2 screws each), the belt can be slipped over them and then underneath the two inside pulleys. The belt then has to be tensioned (one of the inside pulleys move), but I'm not sure which bolt loosens that pulley arm or which way to pull it to tension it (that's where I am now.) Either way, to answer your question, you don't have to remove either the pulleys or the deck to install the belt.
Dave, September 2006