Make sure you are using thermal paper. The paper will have a shiny side. Make sure the shiny side is towards you when you are standing in front of the register. You should see the journal roll wind on when you finish each sale and the print will move up to the window. The battery is a rechargeable one connected to the main circuit board which will keep itself charged. Don't disconnect it with the power off. If you change the battery, leave the power on.
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If anyone needs a Sharp XE-A301 manual, one of our users has it here:
http://the-checkout-tech.com/manuals/cashregisters/Sharp_XE-A301_operating_programming_manual.html
Registerman, February 2013