Your Windows installation is corrupted or you have bad RAM. It can be a soft fail, or a faulty drive. This is not laptop specific and also apply to desktops.
For a soft fail where key files are missing or corrupted:
Try to roll back to a previous restore point. In some cases, you may need to roll back more that once to some older restore points.
If restoring to some restore point don't work, you need to use the DVD to repair the installation. This will work if you have Windows Vista or 7. With Windows XP, you need to backup all your data to an external drive first.
With Windows Vista or 7, boot with the install DVD.
You'll see an option to "Update". Use it. It will repair your installation while leaving all your data, setups, preferences and installed applications intact. Let the auto-updater do it's job.
If the install DVD is missing, get one from any torrent site, there are a LOT available.
If you have Windows XP, get a Linux CD. Most have the possibility of starting a trial cession that don't write nor change anything on your drive. Thise are known as "Live CD". Use that to copy your personal data and installers to some external drive.
Reinstall Windows XP.
This will erease most of your personal data, settings and applications.
Reinstall any needed drivers, applications and restore your data.
If roling back to a restore point or repairing/reinstalling DON'T work, your drive may be faulty. It can also be some faulty RAM.
Using a Linux live CD.
Do a memory test. If there are ANY error reported, replace your RAM.
Once the RAM is replaced, try to boot normaly. Chances are that everything will work normaly.
If the RAM is OK:
Try to access your data and copy them to an external drive. If you can't access the drive, it's dead and it's content is LOST.
Even if you can access the drive, get a new hard drive. It's a ticking bomb.
REPLACE your actual drive with the new one.
Reinstall everything. Operating system, then drivers, then applications.
Get the drivers from the Advent web site.
Restore your data.
Electro, March 2013