The fuse is a short... all fuses are short circuits just by being a fuse ...unless they blow... when they become open circuit. "Short" means having no load.
The lamp is a load - it has resistance and the resistance limits the amount of current that flows. As long as the resistance limits the current to an amount below the capacity of the fuse - the fuse will not blow (melt).
If for any reason too much current flows the fuse will blow.
Fuses are used to limit current flow in the event of a fault happening - otherwise the wiring can get very hot very quickly and start a fire.
We have fuses to stop the house burning down.
When you switch a light on the live is connected to the load - the light bulb. No current can flow unless there is a neutral return path.
A short circuit is a circuit with No Load - infinite current can flow - bad things can happen.
Peccavi, February 2011
when you pass a current through a wire,it heats up,
if you put the wire in a vacuum,add gas,then you have a bulb,
mm, February 2011
because of the resistance of the filament in the bulb
